India and The World:
Important Events:-
1. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):-
i. At the international level, after the second world war, the world was getting divided into two opposite blocs headed by the former Soviet Union and U.S.A.
ii. India was the first country who adopted non-alignment first. In 1961, India’s Prime Minister Pandit Nehru, President Tito of Yougoslavia and President Nasser of Egypt formulated the ‘Non-Align Movement (NAM).’ The venue was the Capital of Yougoslavia ‘Belgrade’. So the first conference of non-aligned nations was held in Belgrade in Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia, one of the founders of the NAM now divided. The conference held in New Delhi, held after every three years, in 1.983 was seventh and was presided over by Smt. Indira Gandhi.
2. Panchsheel Pact or PanchSheel agreement:- On 29th April 1954 this agreement took place between Nehru of India and Chau-en-lie of China. The five principles known as the Panchsheel were:- (1) Each country should have respect for the integrity of the territory of the other country. (2) Not to attack each other. (3) No interference in the internal affairs of each other (4) They should see that in their relations their is equality and they are of benefit to both (5) They should follow the policy of peaceful co-existence.
3. Bandug Conference:- All the five principles known as Panchsheel were also adopted in 1955 in the city Bandung in Indonesia. This is also called First Afro-Asia Conference.
4. Military Alliances:- After Second World War in 1945 the dominance of Great Britain came to an end and the world came to be dominated by U.S.A. & U.S.S.R. In 1954, the USA formed a military alliance with some western European Countries called as North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). Afterwards there were* similar military pacts formed by the USA with friendly governments to it and opponents of the Communism in other parts of the World. This was known as South Eastern Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO). In 1955, the former U.S.S.R. also formed-similar military pacts with its allied countries in eastern Europe. This was known as ‘Warsaw Pact’
5. Common wealth:- Common wealth is the group of those countries which have been the colony of Great Britain before their independence. The queen of England is the formal chair person of commonwealth. India also is its member since 1947. The ambassadors of these countries are called “High Commissioners” by the Commonwealth countries. In 1983 in India the conference of commonwealth countries was held. Established in 1928; this organisation since 1949 is known as Commonwealth of Nations.
6. Indo-Russia Friendship Treaty:- In 1984 USSR included an Indian cosmonaut Shri Rakesh Sharma in one of her space flights. After Rakesh Sharma, India’s second space traveller was Kalpna Chawla from Kamal Haryana who went into space through American space shuttle. She is the first woman of India who went into the space in 1997. She died on Feb 1, 2003 in an accident of Shuttle Columbia. In 2004, she has been given PRAVASI Bhartiya Samman posthumously.
Important Events:-
1. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):-
i. At the international level, after the second world war, the world was getting divided into two opposite blocs headed by the former Soviet Union and U.S.A.
ii. India was the first country who adopted non-alignment first. In 1961, India’s Prime Minister Pandit Nehru, President Tito of Yougoslavia and President Nasser of Egypt formulated the ‘Non-Align Movement (NAM).’ The venue was the Capital of Yougoslavia ‘Belgrade’. So the first conference of non-aligned nations was held in Belgrade in Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia, one of the founders of the NAM now divided. The conference held in New Delhi, held after every three years, in 1.983 was seventh and was presided over by Smt. Indira Gandhi.
2. Panchsheel Pact or PanchSheel agreement:- On 29th April 1954 this agreement took place between Nehru of India and Chau-en-lie of China. The five principles known as the Panchsheel were:- (1) Each country should have respect for the integrity of the territory of the other country. (2) Not to attack each other. (3) No interference in the internal affairs of each other (4) They should see that in their relations their is equality and they are of benefit to both (5) They should follow the policy of peaceful co-existence.
3. Bandug Conference:- All the five principles known as Panchsheel were also adopted in 1955 in the city Bandung in Indonesia. This is also called First Afro-Asia Conference.
4. Military Alliances:- After Second World War in 1945 the dominance of Great Britain came to an end and the world came to be dominated by U.S.A. & U.S.S.R. In 1954, the USA formed a military alliance with some western European Countries called as North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). Afterwards there were* similar military pacts formed by the USA with friendly governments to it and opponents of the Communism in other parts of the World. This was known as South Eastern Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO). In 1955, the former U.S.S.R. also formed-similar military pacts with its allied countries in eastern Europe. This was known as ‘Warsaw Pact’
5. Common wealth:- Common wealth is the group of those countries which have been the colony of Great Britain before their independence. The queen of England is the formal chair person of commonwealth. India also is its member since 1947. The ambassadors of these countries are called “High Commissioners” by the Commonwealth countries. In 1983 in India the conference of commonwealth countries was held. Established in 1928; this organisation since 1949 is known as Commonwealth of Nations.
6. Indo-Russia Friendship Treaty:- In 1984 USSR included an Indian cosmonaut Shri Rakesh Sharma in one of her space flights. After Rakesh Sharma, India’s second space traveller was Kalpna Chawla from Kamal Haryana who went into space through American space shuttle. She is the first woman of India who went into the space in 1997. She died on Feb 1, 2003 in an accident of Shuttle Columbia. In 2004, she has been given PRAVASI Bhartiya Samman posthumously.
