The Study notes on Harappan Civilization:
1. The Indus Valley Civilization is the oldest known Civilization of India. This is known as ‘Harappan Civilization ’. Harappan Civilization developed in about 2500 B.C. in Bluchistan, Sindh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Western Uttar Pradesh. Harappan culture found in 1922 in digging.
2. Harappan Civilization is known as ‘Bronze Age Civilization’. The main places where it was found in India are Roper in Punjab, Kali Banga in Rajasthan, Lothal in Gujrat, Banvali in Haryana and Alamgirpur in Uttar Pradesh.
3. The main centres of the Harappan Civilization are:- Montgomery district near Punjab on the bank of river Ravi in Pakistan, Mohan jo-daro on the bank of Indus river in the district of Larkana of Sindh, Chanudaro in Pakistan, Kot Dikiin Pakistan, Lothal in Gujrat, Sutkagedor in Bloochistan in Pakistan.
4. The merchandise was shipped from Lothal (where a dock has been excavated) and in-coming goods were received here.
5. The Sumer Civilization of Iraq had trading contacts with Harappan People. There were also trade contacts with people of Northern Afghanistan from where the Harappan’s brought the famous blue genstone, lapis lazuli.
6. The best known building of Mohan jo-daro is the Great Bath.
7. Harappans were the devotees of Nature. They worshiped mother goddess, Pashupati. (Lord Shiva), Pipal tree and bull.
8. Their building were made of burnt bricks. There was a magnificent drainage systems which was brick-built.
9. The. cities were well planned. The streets ran straight and crossed at right angles to each other. Streets were wide.
10. Trade was carried on by sea. Dilmun or modern Bahrein being the great center of exchange between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia.
11. The Harappan Civilization (Indus Valley Civilization) lasted for 1000 years. By 1500 B.C. the Aryans began to arrive in India.
12. Who were the founders of Indus Valley. The historians have different views. But most of the historians are of the view that its founders were the ‘Dravids’.
13. Their biggest and largest building was ‘Granery’.
14. The least known metal known to Indus Valley people was Iron and the least known animal was horse.
